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Years ago, whilst in industry with a proper job, I had use of the company’s chauffeur car and driver. I hated getting up at the crack of dawn to be in say Birmingham by 10.00am so being picked up by the chauffeur was one of life’s little luxuries that I liked.

I could go through paperwork or more important I could have a little snooze and arrive at the other end fully charged up.

So whilst there is a lot to dislike about driverless (autonomous) cars, the one big advantage for me was that I could effectively be chauffeur driven again. Have a snooze, read a newspaper or report, listen to music, watch a movie or anything else that took my fancy whilst being transported to my destination was very appealing.

Unfortunately, we now learn that this is not going to be the case. We had already learned that we couldn’t get plastered then jump into the car and let it drive us home via the kebab shop.

We still need to be responsible and whilst ‘in control’ of the car adhere to all drink and driving regulations. But now we learn that drivers may still be required to actually watch the road.

Proposed new laws, aimed at drivers of autonomous vehicles, will stop drivers from doing anything that will distract them, including reading newspapers, watching TV and using their phones. The aim is to ensure that drivers are able to take back controls in an emergency.

A new study carried out by autonomous vehicle consortium Venturer concluded that it takes 2 seconds between instructing the car that the driver is taking back control and actually assuming total control.

At 50mph that represents a distance of 45 metres when neither the car nor the driver are in control.

With this in mind the regulations will seek to reduce the ‘out of control’ period to as little as possible by making sure that drivers are always alert and not being distracted.

Report director Professor Sarah Sharples, said that , ‘It may be necessary for the rollout of highly autonomous vehicles to be accompanied with the advice, or even law, that in some or all circumstances the driver must maintain attention to the driver situation and that other activities should be minimised or avoided.’

Others have called for a totally new driving test for drivers of autonomous cars. Professor Natasha Merat from the Institute for Transport Studies has suggested that there should be a new form of licensing and training for autonomous vehicles.

The ‘handover lag’ between car and driver presents a challenge for insurers if there is an accident because attributing blame between car and driver could prove difficult.

It has even been suggested that response times should be taken into account with older drivers paying more than younger drivers as they would be slower to respond. Think I’ll buy some Lotto tickets and with the winnings get another chauffeur! By Graham Hill

I have to say that I’m not a big fan of President Trump and when he was constantly moaning about False News I thought he was being paranoid but reading all the nonsense printed and reported about diesel cars I can understand what he means.

I’m not going to deny that petrol and diesel cars are not good for the environment but the difference between the two is minimal. Petrol pushes out more CO2 whilst Diesel pushes out more NOX. Diesels also had a problem with particulates but used properly a new Euro 6 diesel emits no particulates at all.

I was speaking to an MOT tester and even 3-year-old cars often emit zero particulates when MOT tested. My view is that by raising diesel emissions as a major problem, mayor Khan and many local authorities are using the scare tactics to impose more penalties on those driving all diesels and not just the old models.

Ford have already said that they are committed to diesel cars and others are taking a similar line but we could be looking at a totally different playing field in 2 years time. Bosche have developed a new system that will reduce NOX emissions to just 13mg/km.

That’s about a tenth of the limit set to be the level required in 2020 under the next set of regulations known as RDE2. In technical terms, Bosche has moved the Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) System and the Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) closer to the engine, allowing them to operate at optimal temperatures.

A faster-spooling turbo is fitted to improve operating efficiencies and the exhaust gas re-circulating system is modified to keep hot air pointed at emissions reduction components. The set-up also includes improvements to the fuel injection, Adblue dosing equipment and engine management software, while the development car’s engine capacity was reduced from 2.0 litres to 1.7 litres without loss of power.

When testing Bosch found the worst case scenario was driving around town when their car, a VW Golf, recorded a maximum NOx emission of 26mg/km because in very cold conditions the car struggled to get up to full operating temperature.

Fuel and AdBlue consumption remained the same although technicians said that in very cold congested conditions fuel consumption could increase by between 3% and 5%. Whilst the equipment cannot be retrofitted to older diesels it is available for manufacturers to order now. But the hardware changes needed mean the complete system is unlikely to be integrated into production lines for another two years. Excellent news for us supporters of diesel! By Graham Hill

Do you wash your own car or do you have it washed by a hand wash team now inhabiting one of the many filling station forecourts closed down over the past 10 years?

If you use the hand car wash option I warned some time ago about the use of some very strong chemicals with high acid content being used to clean alloy wheels and potentially damage or destroy them.

Some have sprayed the concoction onto paintwork that is heavily soiled with street muck, tree sap, or large packages plopped onto our cars by our feathered friends. At best fading the paint and at worst scabbing the paint. In my case I have been using the same team for 7 or 8 years and whilst they all come from abroad they always use good quality products and do an excellent job.

However, as this isn’t always the case a group of MP’s are looking into these hand car washes amid concerns that the staff are being trapped into ‘Bonded Labour’ and that some of the cleaning chemicals used are hazardous to the staff and to the environment.

The enquiry is being led by Mary Creagh, chair of the Environment Audit Committee who said on the BBC ‘We have environmental, employment and slavery concerns.’ The Car Wash Advisory Service – yep there is one, says that there are up to 20,000 hand car washes in the UK, with roughly 8,000 ‘bad boys.’

Whilst the investigation is being carried out always use a car wash you feel you can trust and if you are concerned about the cleaning chemicals being used – ask. Make sure that if you see the container it shows that the solution doesn’t contain dangerous or hazardous chemicals and is environmentally friendly. By Graham Hill

If you think that your new Mercedes was built in a highly efficient factory in Germany you would be mistaken, most models are now made around the world. Some are built in South Africa and some are built and shipped from South America to name just two.

The VW Polo is also built in South Africa and because of high import duties many manufacturers have factories in India. Many cars are manufactured in the most unlikely of places. Take the Vauxhall Mokka X – it is built in Bupyeong in South Korea and as for the true Brit Mini, whilst several models are built in the UK some are built in Austria and some in the Netherlands?

Buy a BMW X3 and it will have to be shipped over from the country of origin – the USA. And that’s not to mention the parts with some Ford parts for their Fiesta such as engines and gearboxes being manufactured in Brazil and Mexico – did you know that Mr Trump? So does it really matter? I would suggest not.

I can’t remember the last time I was asked where a car   was bolted together as a deciding factor – but could this change? Would you be happy if your brand new car turned up with a ‘Made In China’ sticker attached? But this could soon become a reality.

Not because the main manufacturers are considering building cars there but the Chinese manufacturers are considering selling their cars outside China and targetting Europe. And if they gain a foothold it may encourage European manufacturers to start building cars there.

After all Kia’s and Hyundai’s are manufactured in South Korea and their reputation is one of the highest in the marketplace, now ranked above Ford in terms of worldwide sales. In order to gain a foothold Beijing recently hosted their International Motor Show at which journalists were invited to Lynk & Co’s manufacturing plant, built at a cost of £1.4 billion.

They expect to produce 200,000 cars per annum at the highly automated plant. The consensus amongst the journalists was that the plant was incredibly impressive – as were the cars. As Auto Express said, the cars rolling out of the plant were finished to a higher level than many European cars. VW made noises that they would consider exporting cars made in China into Europe. Watch this space! By Graham Hill

When electric vehicles(EV) were first introduced you had to find one of the very rare charging points and leave your car plugged in for many hours in order to achieve a full charge. Th good news was that most of these charging points were totally free to use.

We then saw the introduction of home (or works) chargers that could be installed at home and run off the standard domestic electric supply. In order to encourage the installation of these charges whilst promoting the use of electric cars the Government offered a subsidy to those installing a charge point.

Of course this now meant that you would be paying to top up the batteries with latest figures showing that to charge the battery of the Renault Zoe from 0 – 80% would cost in the region of £4.00. Compare this with what you would now have to pay to charge your car at a public Polar slow charge point and it will now cost you £13 over 3 times as much.

What Car has looked into the anomalies and I’ve used some of their findings to report on the current situation. First of all they found that there were still some free charging points. They also found some wide variances between suppliers. Looking at the cost per kilowatt hour – when you charge your car at home it will cost on average 14p per kWh. Some public chargers are charging up to 40 pence per kWh with Shell currently on a promotional tariff of 25pence per kWh which will rise to an astronomical 49pence per kWh from 1^st June.

The charging points can charge at 22Kw or 43Kw, a slow or fast charge. But they found that whilst they were charged for the fast charge they only received the slow charge when connected to a Polar charge point in Hampshire. This meant that they paid £6 for a 30-minute charge but only got the equivalent of 15 minutes charging.

In addition to the cost of the electricity, you can also be charged per visit. This can add as much as £3.50 to the cost each time you charge the car. Some demand a registration fee of up to £20 to join their network. To add to the total confusion some will charge on a kWh basis whilst others charge on a minutes or hours basis. This makes it very difficult to compare tariffs.

The range of the cars is also confusing. The Zoe is top of the production car trees with an official range of 250 miles. But in the middle of Winter in real-world conditions, it was only found to achieve 130 miles. Like many EV’s the Zoe has two battery sizes, 22kWh and 41kWh, the second capable of rapid charging. Using the car with the larger capacity battery they carried out a 10% charge at a Source London charging point in south-west London. It cost £2.07 which may seem reasonable but would have cost £17 had they charged 80%. The fast charger took half an hour to charge up to 10%.

Next they were off to Winchester on the M3 where they hooked up to an Ecotricity rapid charger. They were down to 30% but in 46 minutes were back up to 80% at a cost of £6.90. That would mean the cost of 0-80% would be £9.36. However, if you are an Ecotricity customer with a home charger fitted the cost would drop down to half that figure as you receive a 50% rebate.

Finally, on their way back to London they used a Polar instant charger which cost £6 for a 30-minute charge. However, the bill was calculated on a charge rate of 43kWh but in fact they only received a 22kWh charge so they only received half of the charge they paid for.

So the industry needs to tighten up and if the cost of charging increases much more simple economics will take over and put people off this ‘cheaper form of motoring’. So is running an EV becoming more expensive to fuel than a petrol or diesel car. What Car put it to the test.

A 50% EV charge will give you a realistic 65 mile range. You pay £6 for that via a rapid charger. That calculates out at 9 pence per mile. If you have to add an admin fee for every charge (Geniepoint London demands £1.80 every time you charge using one of its rapid chargers)  the figure increases to 12 pence per mile. If you stop at a Shell garage after 1^st June the figure increases to 15 pence per mile.

Compare these figures with a Fiesta 1.0 petrol which costs about 13 pence per mile or a VW Polo 1.0 Diesel that costs 11 pence per mile. Of course, the electricity cost comes down if you only ever use your home charger. But if you use public chargers the cost is already above petrol and diesel equivalents. Something needs to be done. By Graham Hill

Nearly a million bus lane fines are issued a year according to the RAC. Between 2015 and 2017 3.4 million penalty charge notices have been issued by local councils, estimated to be £68 million a year or £200 million over the 3 years – so why has this been happening?

The RAC puts it down to ‘inadequate’ or ‘confusing’ signage causing drivers to accidentally move into a bus lane without realising it. It begs the question, is the signage poor in order to catch unsuspecting motorists? The problem is that whilst the local councils wring their hands the confusion causes traffic delays and jams leading also to increased emissions.

One of the problems, in addition to signage, is inconsistency. Some towns and cities have bus lanes that are reserved as bus lanes 24/7 whilst others allow other drivers to use their bus lanes outside set times. So when motorists travel from town to town, to be on the safe side, they stay out of the bus lane.

You will often see cars pulling over at the end of a bus lane to turn left at a junction or roundabout only to be prevented from doing so by those who have zoomed down the bus lane (as they know the rules) giving the impression they are doing something illegal – when they aren’t. This can lead to traffic delays at junctions and possible road rage. A motorcyclist also pointed out that in some towns he can drive along the bus lanes at any time whereas others he can’t.

If you are concerned about receiving a fine it was interesting to note that Manchester was top of the fine list. 2^nd was Glasgow, followed by Cardiff, Bradford and Nottingham. Strangely, whilst London was left off the list, it actually slotted in below Glasgow – quite a surprise. I won’t bore you with more stats but I would point out that in London the borough with the biggest increase was my good friends – Croydon with a 787% increase. I think if you sneezed in a car in Croydon you’de be done for driving without due care and attention!

So the warning, check the signage carefully and don’t assume that a car whizzing down the bus lane knows the rules and is taking advantage, then follow him, he’s probably just nicked the car and doesn’t give a damn! By Graham Hill

The new emissions tests were supposed to stop any emissions test fiddling and allow employers to make a more educated assessment when deciding on their car policy – even when the car policy only extended to one car. As a result, we all knew that there was a very high probability that the emissions figures, for both CO2 and NOx would both increase which would affect employees benefit in kind tax, vehicle excise duty and NI.

And that is pretty much the sum total of all the information provided by the Government. As over 60% of my cars are supplied on business agreements I thought I would explain where we are at the moment. The current testing procedure is called NEDC and it’s the result of those tests that we use to calculate benefit in kind tax.

Since September 2017 all new cars launched or facelifted have to be tested under the new regime, the Worldwide Harmonised Light Vehicle Test Procedure (WLTP). The other thing we know is that all new cars must be tested under WLTP from 1^st September 2018 (unless the car is on runout) but given an NEDC correlated figure.

This figure was assumed to mean that if your car had emissions of 95g/km of CO2 under NEDC and 120 g/km under WLTP a calculation would be made and we would end up somewhere close to the NEDC reading. Unfortunately, that’s it – all the information we have. So we have yet to learn how the changes will affect benefit in kind tax, vehicle excise duty and National Insurance.

From what I have been reading everything else, other then the two known deadlines, is total guesswork. We haven’t even been told that if the car you are driving is tested and the calculation applied to arrive at a CO2 emissions midpoint, whether you will pay increased benefit in kind tax and NI. The assumption is that if you already have the car you will continue to pay at the old NEDC emissions level. But we don’t know. Apparently, the Treasury is still ‘assessing the impact’.

Another assumption is that given company vehicle lifecycles it is assumed that until 2020, any cars taken by businesses and provided as company cars will attract BIK tax and NI based on the WLTP test results then run through the calculator, known as CO2MPAS, to arrive at the mid-point figure. Assuming also that after 2020 the full WLTP reading will be used. Again, whilst it is the general feeling of the industry, 2020 has not been confirmed as the change date.

Whilst it was originally believed that once the CO2MPAS calculation was applied that the CO2 readings would only increase marginally, it has been found that they have increased by between 10 and 20 percent, hitting company car drivers pretty hard as the readings bump them up the tax bands. This could lead to a number of employees switching from company cars to car allowances which is not good. Experience shows that employees don’t take such good care of their cars and they err towards used cars as opposed to new cars.

I have to say that I was a remainer, not a remoaner. I knew that the BREXIT decision could go either way and I was prepared to accept the decision – whatever the outcome. But if this is an example of how we take back control, we are in for a very rough ride! By Graham Hill

I’ve written about this before but as the Government is putting the squeeze on fleets, private drivers and manufacturers to push the green agenda and at least take the first step along the greener road by moving to hybrids or plug-in hybrids, car warnings were issued by fleet experts that they could be costing more to run than diesel cars.

Employees love the idea of plug-in hybrids as they dramatically drop their benefit in kind tax. And some individual drivers have moved from say their Prius hybrid to a plug-in hybrid and wondered why their fuel usage has gone up when they haven’t been charging their new car from the mains.

First, let me explain the difference. The original hybrids, cars like the Toyota Prius and the Honda Insight were petrol driven but with rechargeable batteries, like the KERS (Kinetic Energy Recovery System) system on Formula 1 cars. When freewheeling or braking energy would transfer to the batteries giving you a small boost whenever you needed it from traffic lights or pulling away on a roundabout, the times when the engine burns most fuel.

You didn’t need to do anything – just drive and you would achieve better fuel consumption and emit fewer CO2’s than your old petrol or diesel engine. The plugin hybrids go one step further with some manufacturers claiming 140 + miles per gallon. But to achieve this fuel consumption you need to plug in the car in order to charge the batteries as the car is far more reliant on the battery power.

The problem is that many companies, under pressure from over-taxed employees, adopted a plug-in hybrid approach, only to see fuel consumption higher than it was with their diesel fleet. The problem is that if you don’t charge the car and drive it as you would have driven a Prius the 140 MPG that you should be achieving drops to around 25 MPG.

So if you’re thinking of going greener by taking a plugin hybrid (PHEV) make sure you are able to plug in your vehicle, either at work or at home, and if you are supplying company PHEV vehicles to staff, in order to save them BIK tax, make sure that the employees are able to and more important, willing to, plug them in at night and use them as they were intended. By Graham Hill

In a survey carried out by the AA of over 21,000 motorists, an astonishing 85% expressed fear for their safety and that of others when driving on our poorly maintained roads. 92% were concerned about the damage to their cars whilst more than half (52%) had sustained damage over the last few years as a result of roads being allowed to deteriorate.

Simon Benson, director of motoring services at AA Cars, said: “With many local councils lacking the funds to adequately repair roads, the country’s highway system is deteriorating – which in turn puts drivers at risk and makes pothole-related damage to cars increasingly likely. He pointed out, “Clearly, drivers are well aware of this problem, as we can see by their distinct lack of confidence in the state of British roads”.

He went on to share a few gems of advice. Firstly, keep your tyres properly inflated. Underinflated tyres can suffer greater damage if they hit a pothole. Slow down if you approach a pothole. Some people confuse their car with a hovercraft and believe that a pothole approached at speed will allow you to skim over it – you won’t. Take similar care when approaching what appears to be a puddle in the road – it could be a pothole.

Also beware of cyclists. They may see a pothole at the last minute and swerve to avoid it, if the conditions are known to be bad allow plenty of space when overtaking a push bike. The report also revealed that 75% of motorists are becoming aware of longer journey times as drivers slow down for potholes.

Finally, it calculated that 4.6 million motorists are now reluctant to use their cars for local journeys and 3.7 million are reluctant to use their cars on longer journeys for fear that they may damage their cars. In summing up the report revealed that nearly three quarters of motorists (72%) felt that their road fund licence wasn’t used properly and more of what they pay should be used to maintain the roads. I totally agree, the infrastructure in this relatively small island is a disgrace. By Graham Hill